Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. The standard proctor compaction test was developed by r. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used. Specification of compaction for field soil is a major undertaking in construction projects. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids.
The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. D1557 12 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Astm d698 00a standard test methods for laboratory. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the. Im 216 guidelines for determining the acceptability of test results. Compaction definitions soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to mechanical stress on soil, for example, from traffic of agricultural. A test to provide data on the compaction characteristics of soil was. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. A particular soil needs to have an ideal or optimum amount of moisture to achieve maximum density.
Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for specification and field compaction. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm 1 this standard is issued under the. Thus, a need exists to estimate pdc data from other, more commonly measured, soil classification data, if weps is to be successfully implemented by. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction testlight weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. For fine soil, 810% of water and for coarse soil, 4. In modified proctor test, the mould used is the same as for the standard proctor test having volume c. The details included in this test method are for use with the. Im 309 determining standard proctor moisture density relationship of soils.
This typically leads to variances between 8% and 11%, as shown above. Diagnosing soil compaction using a penetrometer soil. Standard proctor compaction test is to establish a relationship between dry density and moisture content for a soil under controlled conditions. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. The maximum dry mass density was 1700 kgm3 and the optimum water content was 10%. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or. Soil is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 55 blows of the 4. The proctor compaction test establishes the maximum unit weight that a particular type of soil can be compacted to using a controlled compactive force at an optimum water content. Take a representative sample of air dried soil of about 5 kg soil not susceptible to crushing during compaction or 3 kg from 15 kg sample soil susceptible to crushing during compaction passing through 19mm is sieve and mix thoroughly with a suitable amount of water depending on the type of soil, generally 4 to 6 percent for. Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. Pdf field application of soil compaction isbel yap.
The soil moisture content and the degree of dry density. This is important not only for durability, but will save money because less compaction effort is needed to achieve the desired results. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. This test is adapted by bis and is known as heavy compaction test. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctor s test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. Soil compaction testing equipment proctor compaction moulds and compaction hammers. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains.
According to proctor, the compaction of a soil mass is dependent on the. Interpetation of test results official portal of ukm. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction test light weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Astm d 4253 maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table.
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby. Pdf compaction of soils is a major construction activity in civil engineering, and particularly in the transport industry. Pdf use of proctor compaction testing for deep fill construction. Modified proctor test is used to determine the compaction of different types of soil and the properties of soil with a change in moisture content and the relationship between dry density.
Determination of water content dry density relation using heavy compaction. Nd d 2167, density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubber balloon method, or nd t 191. About soil compaction soil compaction soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. A curve is drawn between the water content and the dry density to obtain the maximum dry density and the optimum water content. In this video we will see how to do the proctor compaction test as indian standard for heavy compaction. Objective to obtain the graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content in the form of compaction curve, for determining the values of optimum.
In construction, this is a significant part of the. Soil compaction is a serious concern for farmers in pennsylvania. Soil compaction compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. Maximum dry density of soil and optimum moisture content test. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation. Compaction test of soil soil mechanics standardization. A soil was compacted in the lab via modified proctor. D698 00a standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12,400 ftlbfft 3 600 knmm 3, impact compaction using standard effort. Proctor compaction test, soil proctor test full procedure, mdd omc test, standard proctor test,modified proctor hi friends, in this video we are showing full procedure. The test made use of a hand rammer and a cylindrical mould with a volume of ft3, and became known as the standard proctor compaction test. Astm d1557 00 standard test methods for laboratory. Compaction increases the shear strength of the soil. D1557 00 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort 56,000 ftlbfft 3 2,700 knmm 3, compaction characterist, density, impact.
An overall conclusion to be drawn is that the dry density v moisture content relationship obtained for a soil from a laboratory test is not property of a soil. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. Preamble compaction is the process of densification of soil by reducing air voids by. Soil compaction can easily reduce crop yields by 10 percent, and can lead to. The most common is the proctor test, or modified proctor test. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand. For projects where impact rollers are used, the modified proctor test is strongly recommended as the energy imparted onto the soil is more. Determination of dry density of soil compaction test by sand. We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense. Two compaction curves were developed for each soil type as the standard and modified proctor test results were plotted.
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